• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:ES2693246T9
    申请号:ES15171855T
    申请日:2015-06-12
    公开日:2019-05-24
    发明作者:Thorsten Bierkämper
    申请人:Bierkaemper Stahl und Anlagenbau GmbH；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] Template
    [0002] The invention relates to a template, which has a configuration in the form of a frame or in the form of a drawer that tapers preferably downwards slightly, with a surrounding wall and which also has a bottom in the case of a drawer-like configuration, for the configuration of casting molds or of a wear layer in metallurgical vessels through the drying of a fluid mass that is forged with heat, filled in the intermediate spaces between the wall of the container, on the one hand, and the wall ! as, if necessary, the background of the template.
    [0003] In the manufacture of steel, the liquid steel is first conveyed to a container configured as an intermediate tank (tank) or distributor, which is provided with a heat-resistant coating. This coating is applied by placing a mold in the intermediate tank, called a template, which leaves a reduced distance to the wall of the intermediate tank, in which a dry fluid mass (mass of wear) is applied, which sets and hardens then through the warm-up of the template. Something similar also applies to metallurgical casting molds.
    [0004] It is known by practice that the heating is carried out through hot air, burners or infrared radiation, for which purpose they are needed and corresponding equipment must be operated.
    [0005] The purpose of the invention is to indicate a possibility with which the heating can be carried out without such additional equipment.
    [0006] This task is solved because at least one wall and, if present, also the bottom of the template are formed, respectively, of a current conducting material, heated with resistance in the flow of current, presenting the wall and, if necessary , the bottom, respectively, in the two points that are furthest away from each other, two current connection points for the respective formation of a heat conductor and that in the case of the configuration in the form of a drawer, the wall and the background are isolated from each other. In this case, the wall and / or the bottom can be more advantageously formed exclusively of a current conducting material, heated with resistance with current flow. The two points of the wall, which are farther away from each other, are again adjacent to each other with the two points of connection of the current, but are isolated from each other, so that the current must take the "long cumin" to through the wall and in this way it heats up. The same also applies to the fund.
    [0007] In this case, the surrounding wall is constituted by several partial zones in the form of strips placed superimposed, which are connected to each other and which complement the wall, in which the partial zones in the form of adjacent strips between them are mutually isolated. In this way, the cross section of the conductor (of the individual partial zones) is smaller than in a high total wall, so that the need for current is reduced. More advantageously, the height of the individual partial areas is from 15 cm to 50 cm, in particular approximately 30 cm.
    [0008] In this case, the current is conducted directly through the template and the template itself represents the "resistance wire", with which the formwork and the generation of heating energy are combined into one component. Since individual components or transmission media are not used in this way, which would impair the overall performance through their partial efficiency, it is a particularly cost-efficient process, with which very high yields can be achieved up to over 90 %. Also, temperatures which are clearly higher than in the state of the art can normally be realized, the maximum temperature being limited, in principle, only by the selection of the template material and the insulators so! as the current supply, which in the fluid mass technique can be used in the future then the new binder system.
    [0009] The slightly tapering configuration, if provided, can in this case have an obtuse interior angle, for example from 93 ° to 105 °, preferably approximately 98 °, between the surrounding wall and the bottom. According to the invention, at least the wall and the bottom of the insole can be formed, respectively, of a metal material, preferably a heat-resistant noble steel alloy, which advantageously has high electrical resistance for heating with resistance.
    [0010] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the wall or partial areas of the wall can comprise, respectively, plate elements and corner elements, so that the deployment along the height has a unit length, so that there is a heating as uniform as possible along the longitudinal extension.
    [0011] According to the invention, the corner elements can be made up of several layers of sheet metal and generally have the same thickness of the material as the plate elements, so that there is a flexible configuration of the corners and the resistance values are there unaltered in front of the plate elements. The corner areas can thus absorb a dilation during heating and a retraction during cooling.
    [0012] Preferably, at least one corner element can be edged several times for a deviation of approximately 90 °, whereby a corresponding deviation can be easily made.
    [0013] More advantageously, at least one corner element can have, in the area of its two outer edges, respectively, there! a contact strip placed on the surface, so that there is a defined electrical connection.
    [0014] In addition, the base can also be made up of several partial zones in the form of adjacently arranged strips, which are connected to each other, and which complement each other with the bottom, the partial areas in the form of adjacent strips being mutually isolated from each other. In this way, the cross section of the conductor (of the individual partial areas) is smaller than in a single bottom piece that extends over the entire width of the bottom, so that the need for current is reduced. More advantageously, the width of the individual partial areas can be from 15 cm to 50 cm, in particular approximately 30 cm.
    [0015] According to the invention, partial zones in the form of adjacent strips between them can be joined together by means of insulated screws, so that there is a stable and detachable connection with standardized joining elements. This can be applied for the partial areas of the wall and / or the bottom between them, but also for the union of partial zones of the bottom with partial zones of the wall.
    [0016] Also the wall and / or the bottom or at least a partial zone in the form of a strip of the wall and / or the bottom can be provided with reinforcements arranged in particular transversely to the longitudinal extension, that is to say, to the direction of the flow of current, from this zone and provided at a distance from each other along the longitudinal extension, which have no impact on heating with resistance even in the case of a fixation welded along the entire length by virtue of its alignment .
    [0017] Also the wall and / or the bottom or at least a partial zone in the form of strips of the wall and / or the bottom can be provided with at least one reinforcement disposed along the longitudinal extension of this partial zone, being able to be soldier this reinforcement only punctually.
    [0018] For a good and uniform current coupling on the height, the current connection points of the wall can be configured as copper strips extending over the height of the wall and / or the connection points of the bottom current can they are configured as copper strips extending over the width of the bottom and / or the connection points of the flow of the partial zones can be configured as copper strips that extend over the height or the width of the partial zones of Wall.
    [0019] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the wall and the bottom or the partial areas of the wall and / or the partial areas of the bottom can be electrically connected together in a series circuit by means of elements of suitable unions connected at the connection points of the current.
    [0020] Preferably, the wall and / or the bottom can be flexibly connected to a central frame, so that expansion / retraction is possible in the case of temperature changes without high stresses in the template material.
    [0021] In this case, the central frame can be configured to be readjusted preferably by means of a provided counterweight and / or pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder, so that during the refrigeration a corresponding recovery is realized.
    [0022] Preferably, the template can be closed on the upper side at least partially by a cover and / or a blower can be provided for the circulation of the air that is inside the template. By means of the cover the air inside is alsla, with what are reduced, in addition, the heat losses and, in addition, it results a more uniform heating. The latter is also achieved through a circulation of air by means of a blower. In addition, an air exchange in the cooling phase can also be caused by the blower, which shortens the cooling time.
    [0023] The task on which the invention is based is also solved by means of a system with a template according to one of the preceding claims for the generation of a wear layer in metallurgical containers or functional molds through drying of a fluid mass that is forged with heat, filled in the intermediate spaces between the wall of the container, on the one hand, and the wall as! as the case may be, the bottom of the template, on the other hand, the system comprising a current transformer connectable in a current supply, preferably with thyristor, for the transformation of the current into a small voltage, preferably small voltage of protection, in which the template is connected electrically. According to the power of the current transformer temperatures of about 450 ° C are reached in 2 to 5 minutes, and the drying of the fluid mass which is set with heat is then carried out in about another 5 minutes.
    [0024] Next, an example of realization of the invention represented in the drawings is explained.
    [0025] Figure 1 shows a perspective representation of a partial area of a template according to the invention. Figure 2 shows a top plan view of the object according to figure 1.
    [0026] Figure 3 shows an external side view of the object according to figure 1.
    [0027] Figure 4 shows a perspective view of a corner element.
    [0028] Figure 5 shows a second perspective view of the object according to Figure 4.
    [0029] Figure 6 shows an external side view of the object according to figure 4.
    [0030] Figure 7 shows an interior view in longitudinal direction of the corner area of the object according to Figure 1. Figure 8 shows an interior view in longitudinal direction of the central area of the object according to Figure 1.
    [0031] Figure 9 shows the detail "X" of the object according to Figure 7, and
    [0032] Figure 10 shows the detail "Y" of the object according to figure 2.
    [0033] In all figures, matching reference signs are used for equal or equivalent components. Figure 1 shows in perspective representation a part of a template 1 according to the invention of function molds or of a wear layer in metallurgical vessels through the drying of a fluid mass that is set with heat. In this case, the partial area shown represents approximately more than half of the template 2 approximately in mirror symmetry in top plan view. The axis of symmetry A-A is represented in figure 2.
    [0034] The template 1 presents in this case a configuration that tapers slightly downwards with a surrounding wall 2 and a bottom 3.
    [0035] As can be deduced from FIG. 3, the surrounding wall 2 is constituted by several partial zones 4 in the form of surrounding strips, placed superimposed, which are connected to each other and which complement the wall 2, so that partial areas 4 in the form of adjacent strips between them are mutually isolated. In addition, the partial zones 4 of the wall 2 comprise, along their longitudinal extension, respectively, plate elements 5 and corner elements 6.
    [0036] The configuration and structure of the corner elements 6 are shown in detail in figures 4, 5 and 6. As can be seen, the corner elements 6 are made up of several layers of sheet metal 7, the sheet metal layers 7 having same thickness of the material as the plate elements 5. The corner element 6 is edged in this case several times for a deviation of approximately 90 ° (see figures 4 and 6).
    [0037] Between the partial areas 4 of the wall 2 and the partial areas 4 of the bottom 3, corner elements 6 are also provided. These can be made up of several layers of sheet 7, but they can also be constituted as the plate elements 5 of a material massive continuous. The corner areas, in which the respective corner elements 6 of the bottom edges and a corner element 6 of the wall are located, can be closed in another way, for example by means of metal cloth connected or fed with current corresponding or similar.
    [0038] In the area of the two outer edges of each corner element 6, which are aligned according to the narrowed configuration of the template 1 also inclined, is provided on the surface, respectively, a contact strip 8 placed copper for a connection Electricity defined.
    [0039] As shown in figures 2, 7 and 8, also the bottom 3 is constituted by several partial zones 4 in the form of strips arranged adjacent, which are connected to each other and which complement the bottom 3. Also here the partial zones 4 in the form of adjacent strips between them are mutually isolated. This also applies to partial areas 4 in the form of adjacent strips between wall 2, on the one hand, and bottom 3, on the other hand. In this case, the joining of adjacent partial zones 4 to each other is carried out by means of screws 9 with electrical insulation in the form of bilateral beveled bushes 10 and insulating plates 11 arranged between the joining edges of the partial zones 4 (see figures 9). and 10). The same also applies for the joints of elements of plates 5 with each other or with corner elements 6. To this end, corresponding angled corner areas are provided in the joining edges of the partial areas 4 or of the plate elements 5 or of the corner elements 6.
    [0040] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 7, the lacquer elements 5 of the wall 2 have reinforcements 12 arranged transversely to the longitudinal extension, that is to say, to the flow direction of the current of this partial zone 4. The partial zones 4 of the wall 2 and the partial zones 4 of the bottom 3 are connected in an electrically conductive manner to each other in series circuit by means of suitable connecting elements 13, connected at connection points of the current 14. This can be recognized, example, in figures 1 to 3 as! like 7 and 8.
    [0041] The first and the last partial areas 4 respectively views in the direction of flow of the stream are connected at the beginning and at the end with connecting elements 15 electrically connected to a current supply not shown in the drawing, which may be, for example, a transformed. This is represented in figure 1.
    [0042] In this regard, the current flow is carried out through the first connection element 15, which is connected through the connection points of the stream 14 in a first plate element 5 in the highest series. The current flow passes over a first corner element 6, a front plate element 5 and a second corner element 6 to another plate element 5, which extends parallel to the first plate element 5. Since the template 1 shown is configured, in general, in mirror symmetry, proceeds in a similar way. After the current flow has been made through the upper partial zone 4 of the wall 2, it passes through the connecting element 134 to the lower, next partial zone 4 of the wall 2 and so on! successively. Then a connection is made with the first plate element 5 of the bottom 3 and then with the second plate element 5 of the bottom 3. From here a return connection is made through the second plate element 15, which is connected at the end of the last plate element 5 of the bottom 3.
    权利要求:
    Claims (16)
    [1]
    1. - Template (1), which has a configuration in the form of a frame or in the form of a drawer that tapers preferably downwards slightly, with a surrounding wall (2) and which also has a bottom (3) in the case of configuration in the form of a drawer, for the generation of casting molds or a wear layer in metallurgical vessels through the drying of a fluid mass that is forged with heat, filled in the intermediate spaces between the wall of the container, by a part, and the wall (2) ace! as, if necessary, the bottom (3) of the template (1), on the other hand, characterized in that at least the wall (2) and, if present, also the bottom (3) of the template (1) are formed, respectively, of a current conducting material, heated with resistance in the current flow, presenting the wall (2) and, if necessary, the bottom (3), respectively, in the two points that are farthest between yes, two current connection points (14) for the respective formation of a heat conductor and that in the case of the box-like configuration, the wall (2) and the bottom (3) are insulated from each other,
    wherein the surrounding wall (2) is constituted by several partial areas (4) in the form of strips placed superimposed, which are connected to each other and which complement the wall (2), the partial areas (4) being isolated from one another form of strips, adjacent to each other, and in which, in addition, the two points of the wall that are farthest apart are again adjacent to each other with the two points of connection of the current, but are mutually isolated, so that the current must take the "long way" through the wall and thus heat it, and the same applies also to the bottom.
    [2]
    2. - Template (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that at least the wall (2) and the bottom (3) of the template (1) are formed, respectively, of a metal material, preferably an alloy of noble steel resistant to heat.
    [3]
    3. Template (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wall (2) or the partial areas (4) of the wall (2) comprise, respectively, plate elements (5) and corner elements. (6), in which the deployment along the height has a unit length.
    [4]
    4. - Stencil (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the corner elements (6) are constituted by several layers of sheet (7) and have, in total, the same thickness of the material as the plate elements (5). ).
    [5]
    5. - Template (1) according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that at least one corner element (6) is edged several times for a deviation of approximately 90 °.
    [6]
    6. - Template (1) according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that at least one corner element (6) has in the area of its two outer edges, respectively, a contact strip (8) placed there! Over the surface.
    [7]
    7. - Stencil (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bottom (3) is constituted by several partial zones (4) in the form of strips arranged adjacent to each other and that complement each other at the bottom, being mutually isolated the partial zones (4) in the form of adjacent strips between them.
    [8]
    8. - Stencil (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the partial areas (4) in the form of adjacent strips between each are mutually joined by means of a bolted connection (9) with electrical insulation.
    [9]
    9. - Stencil (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wall (2) and / or the bottom (3) or at least a partial zone (4) in the form of a strip of the wall (2) and / or the bottom (3) are provided with reinforcements (12) arranged preferably transverse to the longitudinal extension of this partial area (4) and provided along the longitudinal extension at a distance from each other.
    [10]
    10. - Stencil (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wall (2) and / or the bottom (3) or at least a partial zone (4) in the form of a strip of the wall (2) and / or the bottom (3) are provided with at least one reinforcement disposed along the longitudinal extension of this partial area (4).
    [11]
    11. - Stencil (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the points of connection of the stream (14) of the wall (2) are configured as copper strips, which extends over the height of the wall ( 2) and / or the connection points of the bottom current (3) are configured as contact strips (8), preferably as copper strips extending over the width of the bottom (3) and / or the points of contact. connection of the stream (14) of the partial zones (4) are configured as contact strips (8), preferably as copper strips, which extend over the height or width of the partial areas (4) of the wall (2).
    [12]
    12. - Template (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wall (2) and the bottom (3) or the partial areas (4) of the wall (2) and / or the partial areas (4) ) of the bottom (3) are connected in series circuit electrically conductive among themselves by means of suitable connecting elements (13), connected at the points of connection of the stream (14).
    [13]
    13. - Stencil (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wall (2) and / or the bottom (3) are joined flexible with a central frame.
    [14]
    14. Template (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the central frame is configured to be readjustable preferably by means of a counterweight provided and / or pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder.
    [15]
    15. Template (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the template (1) is closed at least partially on the upper side by a cover and / or is provided a blower for the circulation of air that is in the inside of the template (1).
    [16]
    16. System with a template (1) according to one of the preceding claims for the generation of a wear layer in metallurgical containers or casting molds through the drying of a fluid mass that is heat set, filled in the spaces intermediate between the wall of the container, on the one hand, and the wall (2) as! as, if necessary, the bottom (3) of the template (1), on the other hand, characterized in that the system comprises a current transformer that can be connected to a current supply for the transformation of the current into a small voltage, preferably Small protection voltage, in which the template (1) is connected electrically.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2693246T3|2018-12-10|
    EP3103562B1|2018-07-25|
    EP3103562B9|2019-05-08|
    EP3103562A1|2016-12-14|
    引用文献:
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    AU7787301A|2000-07-12|2002-01-21|Specialty Minerals Michigan|Infrared heating method and apparatus for curing refractories|
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    JP5262130B2|2008-01-23|2013-08-14|新日鐵住金株式会社|Method for casting irregular refractory, and formwork apparatus used for this method|DE102017217098B3|2016-12-06|2018-04-05|Wolfram Bach|Method and mold or core tool for making molds or cores|
    DE202018106268U1|2018-11-04|2018-11-28|Wolfram Bach|Tool for producing molds or cores by electrical resistance heating of a plastic-based material|
    DE102020209100A1|2020-07-21|2022-01-27|Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein|Process for the production of sand cores that can be used for foundry purposes|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP15171855.8A|EP3103562B9|2015-06-12|2015-06-12|Template|
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